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The Sampling Memo: A Template for Documenting Every Sampling Decision
A nine-section sampling memo written before testing: objective, population and completeness, method, size rationale, selection mechanics with the seed, exception definition, evaluation rules, conclusion boundary, and changes. Annotated…
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18–27 minutes -
Judgmental Sampling That Survives Scrutiny: Documenting Non-Statistical Selections
Risk-directed judgmental selection is legitimate when documented. The three kinds of selection and what each supports, when judgment beats a random sample, the seven workpaper elements, deliberate versus…
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18–27 minutes -
Audit Sample Sizes Demystified: Where 25, 40, and 60 Actually Come From
Where audit sample sizes 25, 40, and 60 come from: the attribute-sampling math, when the conventions mislead, and a defensible grid for non-SOX audits.
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9–13 minutes -
Random Sampling in Internal Audit: When and How
Random sampling is much more than a tool for reducing workload or cutting costs in internal audit. It is a profound approach that reflects the very nature of…
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13–20 minutes -
Random Sampling in Excel and Google Sheets for Audit Testing
The practical manual for audit sampling in a spreadsheet: tie out the population first, the Excel 365 and Google Sheets formulas that give unique random items and how…
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18–27 minutes -
Applying Probability Models to Strengthen Internal Audit’s Forecasting Capabilities
1. Intro Internal audit has traditionally been perceived as a retrospective exercise: auditors review transactions or controls after the fact, identify exceptions, and recommend fixes. However, the modern…
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8–12 minutes -
Internal Audit Sampling Techniques: Statistical, Non-Statistical and Risk-Based Methods
How to choose and defend an audit sampling method: attribute sample-size tables at 90% and 95%, a monetary-unit sampling example on $8.4M with evaluation, a stratified sample with…
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33–50 minutes -
Stewardship, Risk and Trust: Why Internal Audit Exists
Imagine an organization—maybe a big company producing electronics, a bank handling your savings, or a hospital caring for patients. Beneath the surface, countless decisions and transactions occur every…